Kuttinath, Sujitha
Inhibition of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilm by ethanol extracts of sauropus androgynus and solanum torvum - Vol.83(6), Nov-Dec - Mumbai Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2021 - 1155-1163p.
Sauropus androgynus and Solanum torvum are known to possess antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-fungal
and antiseptic properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extracts of Sauropus
androgynus leaves and Solanum torvum fruit in prevention of biofilm formation by methicillin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus. The study also assessed the presence of bioactive compounds and their ability to
modify the cell surface hydrophobicity of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. In this study,
methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from tertiary care hospitals in Coimbatore
were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and biofilm formation. Among the 20 methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, all were found to be 100 % sensitive to vancomycin and 100 %
resistant to cotrimoxazole and tetracycline. Two methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were
observed to be strong biofilm producers confirmed by microtiter plate method and only one methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate was used for further studies. Phytochemical screening of plant
materials was carried out to identify the bioactive compounds potentially responsible for the biological
properties. Among the plant extracts tested, extracts of Sauropus androgynus leaves showed a maximum
zone of inhibition (18 mm), whereas the zone of inhibition exhibited by Solanum torvum fruit extracts was
16 mm at 200 μg/ml against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration
and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration testing of extracts of Sauropus androgynus leaves and
Solanum torvum fruit were also carried out against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in which
each extract at a concentration of 5 mg/ml was found to inhibit methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
growth and biofilm formation via the microtiter plate method. Moreover, there was an increase in cell
surface hydrophobicity of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm from 33.96 to 61.90 % at
150 μg/ml of extracts of Sauropus androgynus leaves, while Solanum torvum fruit extracts showed 46.80 %
hydrophobicity. Similarly, anti-adhesive activity was found to be higher in extracts of Sauropus androgynus
leaves (0.008) when compared to Solanum torvum fruit extracts (0.016) at 50 μg/ml. The current study
reports for the first time the efficacy of Sauropus androgynus and Solanum torvum extracts as a promising
source of anti-biofilm agents, especially against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
PHARMACEUTICS
Inhibition of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilm by ethanol extracts of sauropus androgynus and solanum torvum - Vol.83(6), Nov-Dec - Mumbai Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2021 - 1155-1163p.
Sauropus androgynus and Solanum torvum are known to possess antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-fungal
and antiseptic properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extracts of Sauropus
androgynus leaves and Solanum torvum fruit in prevention of biofilm formation by methicillin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus. The study also assessed the presence of bioactive compounds and their ability to
modify the cell surface hydrophobicity of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. In this study,
methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from tertiary care hospitals in Coimbatore
were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and biofilm formation. Among the 20 methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, all were found to be 100 % sensitive to vancomycin and 100 %
resistant to cotrimoxazole and tetracycline. Two methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were
observed to be strong biofilm producers confirmed by microtiter plate method and only one methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate was used for further studies. Phytochemical screening of plant
materials was carried out to identify the bioactive compounds potentially responsible for the biological
properties. Among the plant extracts tested, extracts of Sauropus androgynus leaves showed a maximum
zone of inhibition (18 mm), whereas the zone of inhibition exhibited by Solanum torvum fruit extracts was
16 mm at 200 μg/ml against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration
and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration testing of extracts of Sauropus androgynus leaves and
Solanum torvum fruit were also carried out against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in which
each extract at a concentration of 5 mg/ml was found to inhibit methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
growth and biofilm formation via the microtiter plate method. Moreover, there was an increase in cell
surface hydrophobicity of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm from 33.96 to 61.90 % at
150 μg/ml of extracts of Sauropus androgynus leaves, while Solanum torvum fruit extracts showed 46.80 %
hydrophobicity. Similarly, anti-adhesive activity was found to be higher in extracts of Sauropus androgynus
leaves (0.008) when compared to Solanum torvum fruit extracts (0.016) at 50 μg/ml. The current study
reports for the first time the efficacy of Sauropus androgynus and Solanum torvum extracts as a promising
source of anti-biofilm agents, especially against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
PHARMACEUTICS