FAISAL, M. <br/><br/>
Dichloromethane Crude Extract of Gymnanthemum extensum Combined with Low Piperine Fractional Piper nigrum Extract Induces Apoptosis on Human Breast Cancer Cells 

 - Vol.83(2), March-April 
 - Mumbai  Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science  2021 
 - 247-260p. 
<br/><br/> This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity of Andrographis paniculata , Ziziphus spina-christi and<br/>Gymnanthemum extensum crude extracts and their combination with low piperine fractional Piper<br/>nigrum extract. All plants were extracted with water and five organic solvents (methanol, ethanol,<br/>dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hexane). Cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-<br/>2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on three cancer types (breast, colorectal and ovarian cancers)<br/>and two non-cancerous cells. The combination among extracts with low piperine fractional Piper nigrum<br/>extract was separately conducted in several tests including cytotoxicity, apoptosis and multi caspase<br/>activity. We found that, the dichloromethane crude extract of Andrographis paniculata, Ziziphus spina-<br/>christi and Gymnanthemum extensum exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity oncolorectal cancer cells SW-620<br/>(7.49±0.04 μg ml-1), breast cancer cells Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (13.35±0.30 μg. ml-1) and ovarian<br/>cancer cells A2780 (15.58±1.81 μg ml -1), respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry study of<br/>dichloromethane crude extract of Andrographis paniculata, Ziziphus spina-christi and Gymnanthemum<br/>extensum identified major compounds including 1-heptatriacotanol (60.29 %) and palmitic acid<br/>(26.92 % for dichloromethane crude extract of Ziziphus spina-christi and 21.40 % for dichloromethane<br/>crude extract of Gymnanthemum extensum ), respectively. The combination of dichloromethane crude<br/>extract of Ziziphus spina-christi and low piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract at ratio IC 50: 0.5 IC 50<br/>showed a moderate synergistic e ffect on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cells. Interestingly, the mixture<br/>of dichloromethane crude extract of Gymnanthemum extensum with low piperine fractional Piper nigrum<br/>extract at ratio IC50:IC50, 0.5 IC50:IC50 and IC50:0.5 IC50 exhibited a synergistic effect on Michigan Cancer<br/>Foundation-7 cells. Moreover, combination ofdichloromethane crude extract ofGymnanthemum extensum<br/>with low piperine fractionalPiper nigrum extract induced the apoptosis and multi caspase activity in a time<br/>dependent manner. In conclusion, dichloromethane crude extract of Andrographis paniculata, Ziziphus<br/>spina-christi and Gymnanthemum extensum displayed potent anticancer activities and the combination of<br/>dichloromethane crude extract of Gymnanthemum extensum with low piperine fractional Piper nigrum<br/>extract can be a promising regimen for an alternative cancer treatment 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>PHARMACEUTICS