Haq, Afzal Asif <br/><br/>
Interstitial cystitis-critical assessment of current treatment and opportunities for nanodelivery 

 - Vol.56(3), Jul-Sep 
 - Karnataka  Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India (APTI)  2022 
 - 636-645p. 
<br/><br/> The characteristic feature of Interstitial cystitis (IC) or bladder pain syndrome is augmented,<br/>pressure, or inconvenience in the suprapubic or bladder region. The causative factors for<br/>IC are not completely understood however certain underlying disease condition may<br/>trigger the pain. The therapy is aimed to provide symptomatic relief, and therefore, the<br/>treatment protocols have been established based on experience. Intravesical delivery of<br/>drugs has been well explored and found to be most effective in minimizing the symptoms<br/>of IC without systemic adverse events. However, the efficacy of drug absorption is<br/>limited by the bladder wall permeability and poor absorption of the instilled drugs. The<br/>intravesical approach should be coupled with novel nanocarriers such as nanoparticles<br/>or liposomes to overcome these limitations. Nanoparticles can easily cross the bladder<br/>permeability barrier and enhance the drug retention time in the bladder, making the delivery<br/>efficient and promising. This review addresses the current IC management strategies,<br/>new potential therapeutic agents of natural origin, and various drugs undergoing clinical<br/>trials by different routes of administration. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>PHARMACEUTICS