REVIEW: MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO THE EFFECT OF T HYROID DISORDERS ON ESTROGEN LEVEL AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY
- Vol.11(10)
- M P Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd 2019
- 9-17p.
Thyroid hormone serves as an indispensable componen t for the optimum functioning of various biological systems. They curb body’s metabolism, regulates the estrogen level, regulates bone turnov er, essential for skeletal development and minerali zation. Within the scope of knowledge, it is intimately familiar that thyroid disorders have wid espread systemic manifestations, among which in hyp othyroidism, even though elevated TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) may reduce estrogen l evel which in turn stimulates osteoclasts and thus cause osteoporosis, while hyperthyroidism accelerates bone turnover. Hypothyroidism does not d irectly interfere with the skeletal integrity, but treatment with levothyroxine for the suppression of TSH to bring the hypothyroid patient to euthyroid state for a long haul; lead to simulta neous reduction in bone mass and in (bone mineral density) BMD. After the initial relevation of the correlation bet ween thyroid disorders and osteoporosis in numerous studies have emphasized that both hypo and hyperthyroidism either directly or indirectly affec ts the bone mineral density or leads to the progres sion of osteoporosis. Therefore the present study is aimed and so designe d to review all the possible associations between t hem and the impact of thyroid disorders on estrogen level and bone mineral density. The main findings of this review indicate that both excesses as well as deficiency of thyroid hormone can be potentially deleterious for bone tissue.