EXPLORATION OF MICROORGANISMS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS: AN UPDATED REVIEW
- Vol.10(12)
- M P Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd 2018
- 1-4p.
Nowadays the prevalence of hyperuricemia has signif icantly increased in which serum uric acid levels a re exceeding the normal range. Gout is the predominant clinical implication of the hyperuricem ia, but many clinical investigations have confirmed that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertensi on, diabetes, and many other diseases. The xanthine oxidase (XO) converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and ultimately to uric acid, and the irrev ersibly accumulated uric acid causes hyperuricemia associated with gout. Hence specific and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI) are pot entially powerful tools for inactivating target XO in the pathogenic process of hyperuricemia (Gout). The objective of the current study was to o verview the various XOI isolated from the microorga nisms. Microorganisms have been employed for several decades for the large-scale production of a variety of bio-chemicals ranging from alcohol to antibiotics and as well as enzyme inhibitors. Currently available XOI (allopurinol and febuxostat ) for the treatment of gout have been exhibiting se rious side effects. Thus, there is a need to search for new molecules to treat hyperuricemia and its associated disorders. At present, microbes hav e been unexplored in the development of successful products for the management of XO-relate d diseases. Hence, the present review focused on nov el XOI produced from various microbial species such as Actinobacteria, lichens, bacteria, endophytic fungi and mushrooms, which can be expect ed to play an important role in the ongoing transition from the empirical screening to the real rational drug design.