000			a
999			_c18016 _d18016
003			OSt
005			20221102125443.0
008			221102b xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aAIKTC-KRRC _cAIKTC-KRRC
100			_918791 _aAlexander, Mark
245			_aPowder packing optimization for clinker reduction in concrete
250			_aVol.96(2), Feb
260			_aThane _bACC LTD _c2022
300			_a7-13p.
520			_aDue to the vast quantities of concrete that are produced annually, the material represents substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with clinker contributing the most significant portion. This paper presents an investigation aimed at reducing the clinker content required to achieve compressive strength while not detrimentally affecting workability, using particle packing modelling and limestone filler to replace clinker. The compaction interaction packing model (CIPM) and the modified Andreasen and Andersen curve (MAAC) were applied and integrated, the former for powder packing and the latter for fine and coarse aggregate packing. The CIPM was calibrated based on compaction effort applied experimentally, and predicted powder packing densities were validated experimentally. The integrated model was then applied to obtain optimized concrete mix designs with maximum packing density. Results showed that workability could be retained but compressive strength decreased relative to a reference mix. The binder efficiency index (kg binder/MPa/m3 concrete) showed very acceptable performance relative to the international literature, confirming that packing optimization was able to effect clinker reduction without detrimentally affecting compressive strength for strength classes < 50 MPa. There remains a need to maximize filler content in concrete mixtures and to better understand the fundamental influences of powder packing, to develop predictive processes that incorporate indicators of practical usability (such as water demand and expected workability) while maximising packing density.
650		0	_94621 _aCivil Engineering
700			_918792 _aHolmes, Matthew
773	0		_dThane ACC Limited _x0019-4565 _tIndian Concrete Journal - ICJ
856			_uhttps://icjonline.com/demo_editionabstract_detail/022022 _yClick here
942			_2ddc _cAR