Poultry is a vital sector for emerging economies like Senegal. Climatic conditions during the dry season are not favourable for poultry houses. Conventionally, naturally ventilated poultry houses with transverse or single-sided openings are used to combat heat stress in chickens. Thus, this study aims to analyze the thermal performance of a naturally ventilated poultry house with openings on a single facade in hot and semi-arid climate regions. The ambient parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and air velocity were measured in the poultry house during the hot period from the chickens’ third to the fifth week of life. The results show that the interior temperatures in the poultry house vary between 36°C and 42°C at maximum solar irradiance for humidity varying from 11 to 36%. The air velocity in the poultry house below 1.5m/s does not allow the heat accumulated in the poultry house to be evacuated. The temperature-humidity index (THI) of the test day of April 9, 2022 corresponding to the beginning of the fourth week of growth of the chickens ranged from 70 to 93 between 11:00h a.m. and 08:00h p.m., showing discomfort in the poultry house during the day. A mortality of 6.5% was recorded when the THI reaches 93 in the poultry house.