Background: Medicinal plants are generally considered beneficial to health because they contain secondary metabolites responsible for their therapeutic effects. However, some plants used in phytotherapy are toxic due to their high content of toxic components.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the therapeutic and toxic action of Artemisia herba alba (AHA) by using increasing doses of the plant extract, on reproductive parameters, plasma testosterone levels, organs’ relative weight, tissue structure, and immunolocalization of estrogen receptors ER in reproductive organs of adult male domestic rabbits. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six rabbits were divided into six groups (D0), (D1), (D2), (D3), (D4), and (D5), and received respectively NaCl (0.9%), 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg bw/day of AHA extract. The daily doses were administered orally for thirty days.