High-Performance Computing (HPC) represents computational power, facilitating highly complex problems across various scientific and industrial domains. This literature survey paper provides an in-depth review of HPC, covering its historical development, core components, software frameworks, critical applications, performance metrics, and contemporary challenges. We also explore future trends such as exascale computing, quantum computing, and the integration of artificial intelligence with HPC. Our analysis underscores HPC's critical role in driving innovation and addressing some of the most demanding computational tasks. High-performance computing (HPC) harnesses the power of supercomputers and clusters of interconnected systems to tackle complex computational problems across diverse fields. By utilizing advanced hardware like multi-core processors, GPUs, and high-speed networks, HPC systems achieve paralleled computational speeds, measured in floating point operations per second (FLOPS). This computational power enables breakthroughs in scientific research, weather forecasting, financial modeling, and big data analytics. The HPC remains modern computational science, allowing the solutions to some of the world's most demanding, complex, and intricate problems.