Diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs when the body experiences insulin deficiency or is
unable to use insulin appropriately, which increases the blood glucose levels over
the threshold. Moringa oleifera leaf is a widely used and scientifically proven herbal
medicine to treat DM. The demand for the development of new drugs has prompted
in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies of antidiabetic insulin‑resistant activity. This study
aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the types of flavonoid and nonflavonoid
compounds that have antidiabetic activity in insulin resistance mellitus using in vitro,
in vivo, and in silico approaches. The literature review was conducted in accordance
with the offered reporting items for systematic review. Major bibliographic databases,
i.e. Scopus, PubMed, and DOAJ, covering original articles about the aforementioned
issues between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2021 were used. In this study,
274 articles were retrieved, of which 4 were duplicates, and after the titles were read,
only 108 were left for analysis. After the abstract screening, 32 articles were eligible
for the literature review. The results exhibit that flavonoids, including quercetin and
kaempferol, and nonflavonoids, including anthraquinone, cytogluside (glycoside),
hemlock tannin, phenolic steroid, and 2‑phenylchromenylium (anthocyanins), have
potential insulin‑resistant antidiabetic activity in vitro, in vivo, and in silico. This has
broadened the research into the development of new drugs.