Structural Health Monitoring techniques has captured much interest and attention of researchers owing to their potential in providing spatial and quantitative information regarding structural damage and the performance of a structure. Integrated health monitoring of structures with advances in sensor technology can improve structural reliability, system performance and safety. Pipelines exist for the transport of crude/refined petroleum, oil, natural gas and biofuels. Oil pipelines are made from steel which are usually buried. These pipelines are prone to natural and man-made damages. Hence monitoring of these buried pipelines becomes essential. Leakages of oil and gas from pipeline are dangerous for people and environment. Detection of leakage along the pipeline network is an essential part of the maintenance activity which is always a difficult task. The goal of the paper is to present the recent advancements in the field of health monitoring and assessment of in-service buried oil and gas pipelines.